// Written in the D programming language.

/**

This module contains cross-platform file access utilities



Synopsis:

----
import dlangui.core.files;
----

Copyright: Vadim Lopatin, 2014
License:   Boost License 1.0
Authors:   Vadim Lopatin, coolreader.org@gmail.com
*/
module dlangui.core.files;

import std.algorithm;

private import dlangui.core.logger;
private import std.process;
private import std.path;
private import std.file;
private import std.utf;


/// path delimiter (\ for windows, / for others)
enum char PATH_DELIMITER = dirSeparator[0];

/// Filesystem root entry / bookmark types
enum RootEntryType : uint {
    /// filesystem root
    ROOT,
    /// current user home
    HOME,
    /// removable drive
    REMOVABLE,
    /// fixed drive
    FIXED,
    /// network
    NETWORK,
    /// cd rom
    CDROM,
    /// sd card
    SDCARD,
    /// custom bookmark
    BOOKMARK,
}

/// Filesystem root entry item
struct RootEntry {
    private RootEntryType _type;
    private string _path;
    private dstring _display;
    this(RootEntryType type, string path, dstring display = null) {
        _type = type;
        _path = path;
        _display = display;
        if (display is null) {
            _display = toUTF32(baseName(path));
        }
    }
    /// Returns type
    @property RootEntryType type() { return _type; }
    /// Returns path
    @property string path() { return _path; }
    /// Returns display label
    @property dstring label() { return _display; }
    /// Returns icon resource id
    @property string icon() {
        switch (type) with(RootEntryType)
        {
            case NETWORK:
                return "folder-network";
            case BOOKMARK:
                return "folder-bookmark";
            case CDROM:
                return "drive-optical";
            case FIXED:
                return "drive-harddisk";
            case HOME:
                return "user-home";
            case ROOT:
                return "computer";
            case SDCARD:
                return "media-flash-sd-mmc";
            case REMOVABLE:
                return "device-removable-media";
            default:
                return "folder-blue";
        }
    }
}

/// Returns user's home directory entry
@property RootEntry homeEntry() {
    return RootEntry(RootEntryType.HOME, homePath);
}

/// Returns user's home directory
@property string homePath() {
    string path;
    version (Windows) {
        path = environment.get("USERPROFILE");
        if (path is null)
            path = environment.get("HOME");
    } else {
        path = environment.get("HOME");
    }
    if (path is null)
        path = "."; // fallback to current directory
    return path;
}

version(OSX) {} else version(Posix)
{
    private bool isSpecialFileSystem(const(char)[] dir, const(char)[] type)
    {
        import std.string : startsWith;
        if (dir.startsWith("/dev") || dir.startsWith("/proc") || dir.startsWith("/sys") ||
            dir.startsWith("/var/run") || dir.startsWith("/var/lock"))
        {
            return true;
        }

        if (type == "tmpfs" || type == "rootfs" || type == "rpc_pipefs") {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private string getDeviceLabelFallback(in char[] type, in char[] fsName, in char[] mountDir)
    {
        import std.format : format;
        if (type == "vboxsf") {
            return "VirtualBox shared folder";
        }
        if (type == "fuse.gvfsd-fuse") {
            return "GNOME Virtual file system";
        }
        return format("%s (%s)", mountDir.baseName, type);
    }

    private RootEntryType getDeviceRootEntryType(in char[] type)
    {
        switch(type)
        {
            case "iso9660":
                return RootEntryType.CDROM;
            case "vfat":
                return RootEntryType.REMOVABLE;
            case "cifs":
            case "davfs":
            case "fuse.sshfs":
            case "nfs":
            case "nfs4":
                return RootEntryType.NETWORK;
            default:
                return RootEntryType.FIXED;
         }
    }
}

version(FreeBSD)
{
private:
    import core.sys.posix.sys.types;

    enum MFSNAMELEN = 16;          /* length of type name including null */
    enum MNAMELEN  = 88;          /* size of on/from name bufs */
    enum STATFS_VERSION = 0x20030518;      /* current version number */

    struct fsid_t
    {
        int[2] val;
    }

    struct statfs {
        uint f_version;         /* structure version number */
        uint f_type;            /* type of filesystem */
        ulong f_flags;           /* copy of mount exported flags */
        ulong f_bsize;           /* filesystem fragment size */
        ulong f_iosize;          /* optimal transfer block size */
        ulong f_blocks;          /* total data blocks in filesystem */
        ulong f_bfree;           /* free blocks in filesystem */
        long  f_bavail;          /* free blocks avail to non-superuser */
        ulong f_files;           /* total file nodes in filesystem */
        long  f_ffree;           /* free nodes avail to non-superuser */
        ulong f_syncwrites;      /* count of sync writes since mount */
        ulong f_asyncwrites;         /* count of async writes since mount */
        ulong f_syncreads;       /* count of sync reads since mount */
        ulong f_asyncreads;      /* count of async reads since mount */
        ulong[10] f_spare;       /* unused spare */
        uint f_namemax;         /* maximum filename length */
        uid_t     f_owner;          /* user that mounted the filesystem */
        fsid_t    f_fsid;           /* filesystem id */
        char[80]      f_charspare;      /* spare string space */
        char[MFSNAMELEN] f_fstypename; /* filesystem type name */
        char[MNAMELEN] f_mntfromname;  /* mounted filesystem */
        char[MNAMELEN] f_mntonname;    /* directory on which mounted */
    };

    extern(C) @nogc nothrow
    {
        int getmntinfo(statfs **mntbufp, int flags);
    }
}

version(linux)
{
private:
    import core.stdc.stdio : FILE;
    struct mntent
    {
        char *mnt_fsname;   /* Device or server for filesystem.  */
        char *mnt_dir;      /* Directory mounted on.  */
        char *mnt_type;     /* Type of filesystem: ufs, nfs, etc.  */
        char *mnt_opts;     /* Comma-separated options for fs.  */
        int mnt_freq;       /* Dump frequency (in days).  */
        int mnt_passno;     /* Pass number for `fsck'.  */
    };

    extern(C) @nogc nothrow
    {
        FILE *setmntent(const char *file, const char *mode);
        mntent *getmntent(FILE *stream);
        mntent *getmntent_r(FILE * stream, mntent *result, char * buffer, int bufsize);
        int addmntent(FILE* stream, const mntent *mnt);
        int endmntent(FILE * stream);
        char *hasmntopt(const mntent *mnt, const char *opt);
    }

    string unescapeLabel(string label)
    {
        import std.string : replace;
        return label.replace("\\x20", " ")
                    .replace("\\x9", " ") //actually tab
                    .replace("\\x5c", "\\")
                    .replace("\\xA", " "); //actually newline
    }
}

/// returns array of system root entries
@property RootEntry[] getRootPaths() {
    RootEntry[] res;
    res ~= RootEntry(RootEntryType.HOME, homePath);
    version (Posix) {
        res ~= RootEntry(RootEntryType.ROOT, "/", "File System"d);
    }
    version(Android) {
        // do nothing
    } else version(linux) {
        import std.string : fromStringz;
        import std.exception : collectException;

        mntent ent;
        char[1024] buf;
        FILE* f = setmntent("/etc/mtab", "r");

        if (f) {
            scope(exit) endmntent(f);
            while(getmntent_r(f, &ent, buf.ptr, cast(int)buf.length) !is null) {
                auto fsName = fromStringz(ent.mnt_fsname);
                auto mountDir = fromStringz(ent.mnt_dir);
                auto type = fromStringz(ent.mnt_type);

                if (mountDir == "/" || //root is already added
                    isSpecialFileSystem(mountDir, type)) //don't list special file systems
                {
                    continue;
                }

                string label;
                enum byLabel = "/dev/disk/by-label";
                if (fsName.isAbsolute) {
                    try {
                        foreach(entry; dirEntries(byLabel, SpanMode.shallow))
                        {
                                string resolvedLink;
                                if (entry.isSymlink && collectException(entry.readLink, resolvedLink) is null) {
                                    auto normalized = buildNormalizedPath(byLabel, resolvedLink);
                                if (normalized == fsName) {
                                    label = entry.name.baseName.unescapeLabel();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } catch(Exception e) {

                    }
                }

                if (!label.length) {
                    label = getDeviceLabelFallback(type, fsName, mountDir);
                }
                auto entryType = getDeviceRootEntryType(type);
                res ~= RootEntry(entryType, mountDir.idup, label.toUTF32);
            }
        }
    }

    version(FreeBSD) {
        import std.string : fromStringz;

        statfs* mntbufsPtr;
        int mntbufsLen = getmntinfo(&mntbufsPtr, 0);
        if (mntbufsLen) {
            auto mntbufs = mntbufsPtr[0..mntbufsLen];

            foreach(buf; mntbufs) {
                auto type = fromStringz(buf.f_fstypename.ptr);
                auto fsName = fromStringz(buf.f_mntfromname.ptr);
                auto mountDir = fromStringz(buf.f_mntonname.ptr);

                if (mountDir == "/" || isSpecialFileSystem(mountDir, type)) {
                    continue;
                }

                string label = getDeviceLabelFallback(type, fsName, mountDir);
                res ~= RootEntry(getDeviceRootEntryType(type), mountDir.idup, label.toUTF32);
            }
        }
    }

    version (Windows) {
        import core.sys.windows.windows;
        uint mask = GetLogicalDrives();
        foreach(int i; 0 .. 26) {
            if (mask & (1 << i)) {
                char letter = cast(char)('A' + i);
                string path = "" ~ letter ~ ":\\";
                dstring display = ""d ~ letter ~ ":"d;
                // detect drive type
                RootEntryType type;
                uint wtype = GetDriveTypeA(("" ~ path).ptr);
                //Log.d("Drive ", path, " type ", wtype);
                switch (wtype) {
                    case DRIVE_REMOVABLE:
                        type = RootEntryType.REMOVABLE;
                        break;
                    case DRIVE_REMOTE:
                        type = RootEntryType.NETWORK;
                        break;
                    case DRIVE_CDROM:
                        type = RootEntryType.CDROM;
                        break;
                    default:
                        type = RootEntryType.FIXED;
                        break;
                }
                res ~= RootEntry(type, path, display);
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

version(Windows)
{
private:
    import core.sys.windows.windows;
    import core.sys.windows.shlobj;
    import core.sys.windows.wtypes;
    import core.sys.windows.objbase;
    import core.sys.windows.objidl;

    pragma(lib, "Ole32");

    alias GUID KNOWNFOLDERID;

    extern(Windows) @nogc @system HRESULT _dummy_SHGetKnownFolderPath(const(KNOWNFOLDERID)* rfid, DWORD dwFlags, HANDLE hToken, wchar** ppszPath) nothrow;

    enum KNOWNFOLDERID FOLDERID_Links = {0xbfb9d5e0, 0xc6a9, 0x404c, [0xb2,0xb2,0xae,0x6d,0xb6,0xaf,0x49,0x68]};
}

/// returns array of user bookmarked directories
RootEntry[] getBookmarkPaths() nothrow
{
    RootEntry[] res;
    version(OSX) {

    } else version(Android) {

    } else version(Posix) {
        /*
         * Probably we should follow https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/desktop-bookmark-spec/ but it requires XML library.
         * So for now just try to read GTK3 bookmarks. Should be compatible with GTK file dialogs, Nautilus and other GTK file managers.
         */

        import std.string : startsWith;
        import std.stdio : File;
        import std.exception : collectException;
        import std.uri : decode;
        try {
            enum fileProtocol = "file://";
            auto configPath = environment.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
            if (!configPath.length) {
                configPath = buildPath(homePath(), ".config");
            }
            auto bookmarksFile = buildPath(configPath, "gtk-3.0/bookmarks");
            foreach(line; File(bookmarksFile, "r").byLineCopy()) {
                if (line.startsWith(fileProtocol)) {
                    auto splitted = line.findSplit(" ");
                    string path;
                    if (splitted[1].length) {
                        path = splitted[0][fileProtocol.length..$];
                    } else {
                        path = line[fileProtocol.length..$];
                    }
                    path = decode(path);
                    if (path.isAbsolute) {
                        // Note: GTK supports regular files in bookmarks too, but we allow directories only.
                        bool dirExists;
                        collectException(path.isDir, dirExists);
                        if (dirExists) {
                            dstring label;
                            if (splitted[1].length) {
                                label = splitted[2].toUTF32;
                            } else {
                                label = path.baseName.toUTF32;
                            }
                            res ~= RootEntry(RootEntryType.BOOKMARK, path, label);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch(Exception e) {

        }
    } else version(Windows) {
        /*
         * This will not include bookmarks of special items and virtual folders like Recent Files or Recycle bin.
         */

        import core.stdc.wchar_ : wcslen;
        import std.exception : enforce;
        import std.utf : toUTF16z;
        import std.file : dirEntries, SpanMode;
        import std.string : endsWith;

        try {
            auto shell = enforce(LoadLibraryA("Shell32"));
            scope(exit) FreeLibrary(shell);

            auto ptrSHGetKnownFolderPath = cast(typeof(&_dummy_SHGetKnownFolderPath))enforce(GetProcAddress(shell, "SHGetKnownFolderPath"));

            wchar* linksFolderZ;
            const linksGuid = FOLDERID_Links;
            enforce(ptrSHGetKnownFolderPath(&linksGuid, 0, null, &linksFolderZ) == S_OK);
            scope(exit) CoTaskMemFree(linksFolderZ);

            string linksFolder = linksFolderZ[0..wcslen(linksFolderZ)].toUTF8;

            enforce(SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(null)));
            scope(exit) CoUninitialize();

            HRESULT hres;
            IShellLink psl;

            auto clsidShellLink = CLSID_ShellLink;
            auto iidShellLink = IID_IShellLinkW;
            hres = CoCreateInstance(&clsidShellLink, null, CLSCTX.CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &iidShellLink, cast(LPVOID*)&psl);
            enforce(SUCCEEDED(hres), "Failed to create IShellLink instance");
            scope(exit) psl.Release();

            IPersistFile ppf;
            auto iidPersistFile = IID_IPersistFile;
            hres = psl.QueryInterface(cast(GUID*)&iidPersistFile, cast(void**)&ppf);
            enforce(SUCCEEDED(hres), "Failed to query IPersistFile interface");
            scope(exit) ppf.Release();

            foreach(linkFile; dirEntries(linksFolder, SpanMode.shallow)) {
                if (!linkFile.name.endsWith(".lnk")) {
                    continue;
                }
                try {
                    wchar[MAX_PATH] szGotPath;
                    WIN32_FIND_DATA wfd;

                    hres = ppf.Load(linkFile.name.toUTF16z, STGM_READ);
                    enforce(SUCCEEDED(hres), "Failed to load link file");

                    hres = psl.Resolve(null, SLR_FLAGS.SLR_NO_UI);
                    enforce(SUCCEEDED(hres), "Failed to resolve link");

                    hres = psl.GetPath(szGotPath.ptr, szGotPath.length, &wfd, 0);
                    enforce(SUCCEEDED(hres), "Failed to get path of link target");

                    auto path = szGotPath[0..wcslen(szGotPath.ptr)];

                    if (path.length && path.toUTF8.isDir) {
                        res ~= RootEntry(RootEntryType.BOOKMARK, path.toUTF8, linkFile.name.baseName.stripExtension.toUTF32);
                    }
                } catch(Exception e) {

                }
            }
        } catch(Exception e) {

        }
    }
    return res;
}

/// returns true if directory is root directory (e.g. / or C:\)
bool isRoot(in string path) pure nothrow {
    string root = rootName(path);
    if (path.equal(root))
        return true;
    return false;
}

/**
 * Check if path is hidden.
 */
bool isHidden(in string path) nothrow {
    version(Windows) {
        import core.sys.windows.winnt : FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
        import std.exception : collectException;
        uint attrs;
        if (collectException(path.getAttributes(), attrs) is null) {
            return (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN) != 0;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    } else version(Posix) {
        //TODO: check for hidden attribute on macOS
        return path.baseName.startsWith(".");
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

///
unittest
{
    version(Posix) {
        assert(!"path/to/normal_file".isHidden());
        assert("path/to/.hidden_file".isHidden());
    }
}

private bool isReadable(in string filePath) nothrow
{
    version(Posix) {
        import core.sys.posix.unistd : access, R_OK;
        import std.string : toStringz;
        return access(toStringz(filePath), R_OK) == 0;
    } else {
        // TODO: Windows version
        return true;
    }
}

private bool isWritable(in string filePath) nothrow
{
    version(Posix) {
        import core.sys.posix.unistd : access, W_OK;
        import std.string : toStringz;
        return access(toStringz(filePath), W_OK) == 0;
    } else {
        // TODO: Windows version
        return true;
    }
}

private bool isExecutable(in string filePath) nothrow
{
    version(Windows) {
        //TODO: Use GetEffectiveRightsFromAclW? For now just check extension
        string extension = filePath.extension;
        foreach(ext; [".exe", ".com", ".bat", ".cmd"]) {
            if (filenameCmp(extension, ext) == 0)
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    } else version(Posix) {
        import core.sys.posix.unistd : access, X_OK;
        import std.string : toStringz;
        return access(toStringz(filePath), X_OK) == 0;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/// returns parent directory for specified path
string parentDir(in string path) pure nothrow {
    return buildNormalizedPath(path, "..");
}

/// check filename with pattern
bool filterFilename(in string filename, in string pattern) pure nothrow {
    return globMatch(filename.baseName, pattern);
}
/// Filters file name by pattern list
bool filterFilename(in string filename, in string[] filters) pure nothrow {
    if (filters.length == 0)
        return true; // no filters - show all
    foreach(pattern; filters) {
        if (filterFilename(filename, pattern))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

enum AttrFilter
{
    none = 0,
    files      = 1 << 0, /// Include regular files that match the filters.
    dirs       = 1 << 1, /// Include directories.
    hidden     = 1 << 2, /// Include hidden files and directoroies.
    parent     = 1 << 3, /// Include parent directory (..). Takes effect only with includeDirs.
    thisDir    = 1 << 4, /// Include this directory (.). Takes effect only with  includeDirs.
    special    = 1 << 5, /// Include special files (On Unix: socket and device files, FIFO) that match the filters.
    readable   = 1 << 6, /// Listing only readable files and directories.
    writable   = 1 << 7, /// Listing only writable files and directories.
    executable = 1 << 8, /// Include only executable files. This filter does not affect directories.
    allVisible = AttrFilter.files | AttrFilter.dirs, /// Include all non-hidden files and directories without parent directory, this directory and special files.
    all        = AttrFilter.allVisible | AttrFilter.hidden /// Include all files and directories including hidden ones but without parent directory, this directory and special files.
}

/** List directory content

    Optionally filters file names by filter (not applied to directories).

    Returns true if directory exists and listed successfully, false otherwise.
    Throws: Exception if $(D dir) is not directory or some error occured during directory listing.
 */
DirEntry[] listDirectory(in string dir, AttrFilter attrFilter = AttrFilter.all, in string[] filters = [])
{
    DirEntry[] entries;

    DirEntry[] dirs;
    DirEntry[] files;
    foreach (DirEntry e; dirEntries(dir, SpanMode.shallow)) {
        if (!(attrFilter & AttrFilter.hidden) && e.name.isHidden())
            continue;
        if ((attrFilter & AttrFilter.readable) && !e.name.isReadable())
            continue;
        if ((attrFilter & AttrFilter.writable) && !e.name.isWritable())
            continue;
        if (!e.isDir && (attrFilter & AttrFilter.executable) && !e.name.isExecutable())
            continue;
        if (e.isDir && (attrFilter & AttrFilter.dirs)) {
            dirs ~= e;
        } else if ((attrFilter & AttrFilter.files) && filterFilename(e.name, filters)) {
            if (e.isFile) {
                files ~= e;
            } else if (attrFilter & AttrFilter.special) {
                files ~= e;
            }
        }
    }
    if ((attrFilter & AttrFilter.dirs) && (attrFilter & AttrFilter.thisDir) ) {
        entries ~= DirEntry(appendPath(dir, ".")) ~ entries;
    }
    if (!isRoot(dir) && (attrFilter & AttrFilter.dirs) && (attrFilter & AttrFilter.parent)) {
        entries ~= DirEntry(appendPath(dir, ".."));
    }
    dirs.sort!((a,b) => filenameCmp!(std.path.CaseSensitive.no)(a.name,b.name) < 0);
    files.sort!((a,b) => filenameCmp!(std.path.CaseSensitive.no)(a.name,b.name) < 0);
    entries ~= dirs;
    entries ~= files;
    return entries;
}

/** List directory content

    Optionally filters file names by filter (not applied to directories).

    Result will be placed into entries array.

    Returns true if directory exists and listed successfully, false otherwise.
*/
deprecated bool listDirectory(in string dir, in bool includeDirs, in bool includeFiles, in bool showHiddenFiles, in string[] filters, ref DirEntry[] entries, in bool showExecutables = false) {
    entries.length = 0;

    AttrFilter attrFilter;
    if (includeDirs) {
        attrFilter |= AttrFilter.dirs;
        attrFilter |= AttrFilter.parent;
    }
    if (includeFiles)
        attrFilter |= AttrFilter.files;
    if (showHiddenFiles)
        attrFilter |= AttrFilter.hidden;
    if (showExecutables)
        attrFilter |= AttrFilter.executable;

    import std.exception : collectException;
    return collectException(listDirectory(dir, attrFilter, filters), entries) is null;
}

/// Returns true if char ch is / or \ slash
bool isPathDelimiter(in char ch) pure nothrow {
    return ch == '/' || ch == '\\';
}

/// Returns current directory
alias currentDir = std.file.getcwd;

/// Returns current executable path only, including last path delimiter - removes executable name from result of std.file.thisExePath()
@property string exePath() {
    string path = thisExePath();
    int lastSlash = 0;
    for (int i = cast(int)path.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        if (path[i] == PATH_DELIMITER) {
            lastSlash = i;
            break;
        }
    return path[0 .. lastSlash + 1];
}

/// Returns current executable path and file name
@property string exeFilename() {
    return thisExePath();
}

/**
    Returns application data directory

    On unix, it will return path to subdirectory in home directory - e.g. /home/user/.subdir if ".subdir" is passed as a paramter.

    On windows, it will return path to subdir in APPDATA directory - e.g. C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\.subdir.
*/
string appDataPath(string subdir = null) {
    string path;
    version (Windows) {
        path = environment.get("APPDATA");
    }
    if (path is null)
        path = homePath;
    if (subdir !is null) {
        path ~= PATH_DELIMITER;
        path ~= subdir;
    }
    return path;
}

/// Converts path delimiters to standard for platform inplace in buffer(e.g. / to \ on windows, \ to / on posix), returns buf
char[] convertPathDelimiters(char[] buf) {
    foreach(ref ch; buf) {
        version (Windows) {
            if (ch == '/')
                ch = '\\';
        } else {
            if (ch == '\\')
                ch = '/';
        }
    }
    return buf;
}

/// Converts path delimiters to standard for platform (e.g. / to \ on windows, \ to / on posix)
string convertPathDelimiters(in string src) {
    char[] buf = src.dup;
    return cast(string)convertPathDelimiters(buf);
}

/// Appends file path parts with proper delimiters e.g. appendPath("/home/user", ".myapp", "config") => "/home/user/.myapp/config"
string appendPath(string[] pathItems ...) {
    char[] buf;
    foreach (s; pathItems) {
        if (buf.length && !isPathDelimiter(buf[$-1]))
            buf ~= PATH_DELIMITER;
        buf ~= s;
    }
    return convertPathDelimiters(buf).dup;
}

///  Appends file path parts with proper delimiters (as well converts delimiters inside path to system) to buffer e.g. appendPath("/home/user", ".myapp", "config") => "/home/user/.myapp/config"
char[] appendPath(char[] buf, string[] pathItems ...) {
    foreach (s; pathItems) {
        if (buf.length && !isPathDelimiter(buf[$-1]))
            buf ~= PATH_DELIMITER;
        buf ~= s;
    }
    return convertPathDelimiters(buf);
}

/** Deprecated: use std.path.pathSplitter instead.
    Splits path into elements, e.g. /home/user/dir1 -> ["home", "user", "dir1"], "c:\dir1\dir2" -> ["c:", "dir1", "dir2"]
*/
deprecated string[] splitPath(string path) {
    string[] res;
    int start = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i <= path.length; i++) {
        char ch = i < path.length ? path[i] : 0;
        if (ch == '\\' || ch == '/' || ch == 0) {
            if (start < i)
                res ~= path[start .. i].dup;
            start = i + 1;
        }
    }
    return res;
}

/// if pathName is not absolute path, convert it to absolute (assuming it is relative to current directory)
string toAbsolutePath(string pathName) {
    import std.path : isAbsolute, absolutePath, buildNormalizedPath;
    if (pathName.isAbsolute)
        return pathName;
    return pathName.absolutePath.buildNormalizedPath;
}

/// for executable name w/o path, find absolute path to executable
string findExecutablePath(string executableName) {
    import std.string : split;
    version (Windows) {
        if (!executableName.endsWith(".exe"))
            executableName = executableName ~ ".exe";
    }
    string currentExeDir = dirName(thisExePath());
    string inCurrentExeDir = absolutePath(buildNormalizedPath(currentExeDir, executableName));
    if (exists(inCurrentExeDir) && isFile(inCurrentExeDir))
        return inCurrentExeDir; // found in current directory
    string pathVariable = environment.get("PATH");
    if (!pathVariable)
        return null;
    string[] paths = pathVariable.split(pathSeparator);
    foreach(path; paths) {
        string pathname = absolutePath(buildNormalizedPath(path, executableName));
        if (exists(pathname) && isFile(pathname))
            return pathname;
    }
    return null;
}